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Home » Skripta » English phonetics and phonology glossary (A little encyclopaedia of phonetics) Peter Roach
English phonetics and phonology glossary (A little encyclopaedia of phonetics) Peter Roach
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| Přípona |
Typ skripta |
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| Velikost 1,3 MB |
Jazyk anglický |
ID projektu 3047 |
| Poslední úprava 03.04.2014 |
Zobrazeno 2 034 x |
Autor: leonek |
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- Formát:PDF dokument (.pdf)
- Rozsah A4:104 stran
accent
This word is used (rather confusingly) in two different senses: (1) accent may refer to prominence given to a syllable, usually by the use of pitch. For example, in the word ‘potato’ the middle syllable is the most prominent; if you say the word on its own you will probably produce a fall in pitch on the middle syllable, making that syllable accented. In this sense, accent is distinguished from the more general term stress, which is more often used to refer to all sorts of prominence (including prominence resulting from increased loudness, length or sound quality), or to refer to the effort made by the speaker in producing a stressed syllable. (2) accent also refers to a particular way of pronouncing: for example, you might find a number of English speakers who all share the same grammar and vocabulary, but pronounce what they say with different accents such as Scots or Cockney, or BBC pronunciation. The word accent in this sense is distinguished from dialect, which usually refers to a variety of a language that differs from other varieties in grammar and/or vocabulary.
acoustic phonetics
An important part of phonetics is the study of the physics of the speech signal: when sound travels through the air from the speaker’s mouth to the hearer’s ear it does so in the form of vibrations in the air. It is possible to measure and analyse these vibrations by mathematical techniques, usually by using specially-developed computer software to produce spectrograms. Acoustic phonetics also studies the relationship between activity in the speaker’s vocal tract and the resulting sounds. Analysis of speech by acoustic phonetics is claimed to be more objective and scientific than the traditional auditory method which depends on the reliability of the trained human ear.
This word is used (rather confusingly) in two different senses: (1) accent may refer to prominence given to a syllable, usually by the use of pitch. For example, in the word ‘potato’ the middle syllable is the most prominent; if you say the word on its own you will probably produce a fall in pitch on the middle syllable, making that syllable accented. In this sense, accent is distinguished from the more general term stress, which is more often used to refer to all sorts of prominence (including prominence resulting from increased loudness, length or sound quality), or to refer to the effort made by the speaker in producing a stressed syllable. (2) accent also refers to a particular way of pronouncing: for example, you might find a number of English speakers who all share the same grammar and vocabulary, but pronounce what they say with different accents such as Scots or Cockney, or BBC pronunciation. The word accent in this sense is distinguished from dialect, which usually refers to a variety of a language that differs from other varieties in grammar and/or vocabulary.
acoustic phonetics
An important part of phonetics is the study of the physics of the speech signal: when sound travels through the air from the speaker’s mouth to the hearer’s ear it does so in the form of vibrations in the air. It is possible to measure and analyse these vibrations by mathematical techniques, usually by using specially-developed computer software to produce spectrograms. Acoustic phonetics also studies the relationship between activity in the speaker’s vocal tract and the resulting sounds. Analysis of speech by acoustic phonetics is claimed to be more objective and scientific than the traditional auditory method which depends on the reliability of the trained human ear.
Klíčová slova:
glossary
phonetics
phonology
encyclopaedia
english
Obsah:
- accent
acoustic phonetics
active articulator
Adam's apple
affricate
airstream
allophone
alveolar
alveolo-palatal
ambisyllabic
anterior
apical
approximant
articulation
articulator
articulatory setting
arytenoids
aspiration
assimilation
attitude - attitudinal
auditory
autosegmental phonology
BBC pronunciation
bilabial
binary
boundary
brackets
breath-group
breathing
breathy
burst
cardinal vowel
cartilage
centre - central
chart
chest-pulse
clear l
click
clipped
close vowel
closure
cluster
coalescence
coarticulation
cocktail party phenomenon
coda
commutation
complementary distribution
consonant
constriction
continuant
contoid
contour
contraction
contrast
conversation
coronal
creak
dark l
declination
dental
devoicing
diacritic
dialect
diglossia
digraph
diphthong
discourse, discourse analysis
distinctive feature
distribution
dorsal
drawl
duration
dysphonia
ear-training
ejective
elision
elocution
epenthesis
Estuary English
experimental phonetics
falsetto
feature
feedback
final lengthening
flap
foot
formant
fortis
free variation
fricative
front
function word
fundamental frequency
geminate
General American
generative phonology
glide
glottalic
glottal stop, glottalisation
glottis
groove
guttural
head
hesitation
Higgins, Henry
hoarse
homophone
homorganic
implosive
ingressive
instrumental phonetics
intensity
interdental
International Phonetic Association/Alphabet
intonation
isochrony
Jones, Daniel
juncture
key
kinaesthetic/esia
labial(ised)
labiodental
laminal
larynx
lateral
lax
length
lenis
level
lexicon/al
liaison
lingual
lips
liquid
loudness
low
lungs
manner of articulation
median
metrical phonology
minimal pair
monophthong
mora
motor theory of speech perception
nasal, nasalisation
Network English
neutralisation
nucleus
obstruent
occlusion
oesophagus
onset
open
opposition
oral
Oxford accent
palatalisation
palate, palatal
paralinguistic(s)
passive articulator
pause
peak
perception
pharynx
phatic communion
phonation
phone
phoneme
phonemics
phonetics
phonology
phonotactics
pitch
pitch range
place of articulation
plosion
plosive
polysyllabic
pragmatics
pre-fortis clipping
prominence
pronouncing dictionary
pronunciation
prosody/ic
public school accent
pulmonic
pure vowel
rate
realisation
Received Pronunciation (RP)
reduction
register
release
resonance
retroflex
rhotic/ity
rhyme
rhythm
root (of tongue)
rounding
sandhi
schwa
secondary articulation
segment
semivowel
sentence stress
sibilant
slip of the tongue (speech error)
slit
soft palate
sonorant
sonority
spectrogram, spectrography
spreading (lip)
stop
stress
stress-shift
stress-timing
stricture
strong form
style
subglottal pressure
supraglottal
suprasegmental
Sweet, Henry
syllabic consonant
syllable
syllable-timing
symbol
synthetic speech
tail
tap
teeth
tempo
tense
tessitura
timbre (tamber)
tip
ToBI
tone
tone language
tone-unit
tongue
tonic
trachea
transcription
trill
triphthong
turn-taking
upspeak
utterance
uvula
velaric airstream
velarisation
velum, velar
vocal cord, vocal fold
vocalic
vocal tract
vocoid
voice
voice onset time (VOT)
voice quality
voicing
vowel
weak form
weak syllable
whisper
word stress
X-ray