Angličtina překlady (unit 6,7,8)

Angličtina

unit6

unit7

unit8

• Unit 6
  Structural & transportation engineering
  
  a)
  road, motorway, roadway, pavement, pedestrian crossing, traffic lights, parking lot, diversion, heavy rail, rail, railway track, railway station, platform, airport, bridge deck, pier
  
  b)
  bridge span, arch bridge, suspension bridge, girder bridge, movable bridge, main road, single-carriageway, dual-carriageway, lane, by-pass, roundabout, flyover junction, pedestrian zone, passenger transport, road transport, congestion, means of transport, road traffic safety, airport terminal, runway, control tower, tunnel boring machine, direct traffic, divert traffic, anchor a bridge, maintenance a road network
  
  c)
  Increase of the road transport in the last decade caused overstressing of urban areas. It’s possible to restrict the consumption with applying of intelligent traffic systems. Public transport should be accessible for everyone. It’s necessary to support cycling and walking like alternatives to car traffic in cities. Subway network is leaded in tunnels separated from surface traffic. Distance between subway stations is approximately 1km. Tramway system which use lighter coaches and rails is used in many European cities.
  
  Unit7
  Economics, business & management
  
  a)
  tendering, project documentation, cost budgeting, project manager, contract bond, investment planning, range of work and supply, current expenditures, return of investments term, feasibility study
  
  b)
  set bidding requirements, correspondent with specifications, take a financial risk over, get a job, enter business, give a bonds, implement the work according to contract requirements, make master decision, set initials investments, achieve the increase of the profit
  
  c)
  Agreement between the contractor and the investor is all around the world called contract. The developer (the client) signing appropriate contracts with contractors (designer, suppliers of the building) set also the form of organizing and managing of the building. Managing contain the planning, organizing, monitoring and checking. Main goal of the business is to achieve the profit. To become a successful businessman is able just that one, who has required personal qualities, education and experience. According to the amount of demand the number of employees is temporary rising or going down. The condition of existence of building company is getting contracts. Key words in business management are costs, profits and economic output. Costs are divided current costs (consumption of materials and energy, depreciation, salary costs), financial (paying of interests, and another fees for bank operation) and extraordinary (penalty, damages). Finance company management is responsible for monitoring and directing of expenditures and incomes.
  Unit 8
  Water engineering
  a)
  dam, lock, weir, reservoir, tank, pile, pier, cofferdam, hydrology, ground water, aquifer, rainfall, liquid, waterworks, filtration, well, irrigation, drainage, sewage, sewer, sludge, pump, operation, watertight, shallow, thin, protective, excavate, expend, extend, drought, flood, shipping
  
  b)
  flood control, flood damage, flooded valley, surge, river bed, water stream, rise shores, lower the water level, power generation, machinery room, control tower, service tunnels, resist the pressure, water treatment, retain water, gravity dam, earth dam, water resources, hydrologic cycle, artificial water body, hydrostatic pressure, sanitary engineering, hydraulic structure, potable water, sewage treatment, waste water treatment plant, water supply
  
  c)
  Dams are construction built across water stream to create a reservoir. They are built for many purposes: like flood prevention, irrigation, improvement of the condition for shipping, etc. We use impounded water to production of electricity. The reservoir above the dam can be used for recreation. Dams are different according to various building materials and a type of construction. Most common are these types of dams: earth dam, concrete gravity dam and arch dam. In design process of the dam we have to think about water pressure, self weight of the dam and the uplift.